Contents (1997 ver.): Toward a history from below (The ""Revolt of the masses" -- Understanding Philippine society -- The pasyon and the masses -- Power and anting-anting) -- Light and brotherhood (Cofradia rituals and prayers -- Apolinario's teachings -- A Tagalog Christ -- The aritao commune -- The new Jerusalem) -- Tradition and revolt: the Katipunan (Katipunan manifestos -- Initiation rites -- Return of King Bernardo Carpio -- Lakaran of the sons) -- The Republic and the spirit of 1896 (Challenges to Malolos -- Recovering the past -- Poetry and revolution) -- The path to kalayaan, 1901-1910 (Persistence of the kalayaan ideal -- Sakay's katipunan -- Kalayaan as religion -- Betrayal and Sakay's death -- Idiom of protest in the "New era") -- The pasyon of Felipe Salvador (Salvador's early career -- Social conflict in the Republic -- Santa Iglesia struggle, 1899-1906 -- Meaning and autobiography -- The people's rising of 1910 -- Passion, death and...) -- Epilog -- Appendixes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index